雅思寫作Report題型寫作思路梳理-北京朗閣雅思培訓(xùn)學(xué)校 ? 　　雅思大作文的提問方式相對比較固定，大致分為 “do you agree or disagree?”, “discuss both views and give your own opinion”, “what are the causes and how to solve it?”這幾種類型。本文中，北京朗閣雅思培訓(xùn)學(xué)校的專家將著重論述如何撰寫報告類，即分析問題類文章的寫作技巧。 　　審題并分析現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因： ? 　　一種現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生，總是由內(nèi)、外兩種原因造成的，如果只分析其中一方面的原因，則會讓文章看起來有失偏頗。在此，我們將以歷年真題為例，對此類問題的寫作思路進(jìn)行梳理。 ? 　　解題思路一： ? 　　What are the causes of water scarcity and how can we solve this problem? 　　乍一看，這道題目并不難，但考生很容易只想到一些人為的原因，如水資源污染、浪費等，但其實水資源缺少也有其自然原因，如淡水資源本身就很匱乏，以及區(qū)域分配很不合理等。這樣我們的原因和解決方案都會充實起來。 ? 　　其次，我們再來討論一下報告類問題的篇章布局。一般來說，我們會遵循四段式的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)，除去開頭段和結(jié)尾段，中間兩段一般前一段寫原因，后一段寫解決方案。以此題為例，我們會用一段來論述水資源短缺的原因，然后用另一段寫針對提到的原因提出相應(yīng)的解決辦法。 ? 　　注意，許多考生只分別注意了原因和解決方案，但忘記了它們是無法分割的整體，因此有些時候考生提出的解決方法無法解決他之前談到的原因。這樣一來，在邏輯上就出現(xiàn)了斷層，如果考生的語言論述水平比較有限，則會讓斷層顯得更為明顯，從而會丟掉不少分?jǐn)?shù)。邏輯梳理完之后，我們來把文章的中間兩段實際撰寫一下，考生們可以從中體會一下原因段與方法段的邏輯聯(lián)系。 ? 　　范文分析： 　　There are multiple factors contributing to the shortage of freshwater, including natural characters and human activities. In terms of natural characters, the volume of fresh water is highly limited worldwide, as it only accounts for the 3% of total water source in the world. Besides, the distribution of fresh water is regional imbalance. Therefore, some areas are suffering from lack of available drinking water, such as Middle East and Africa. However, uncontrolled human activities worsen the situation of fresh water. Lots of pollutants emitted from factories and residential buildings into rivers and streams, which results in the heavy contamination of fresh water. And waster is another indispensible element leading to the shortage of fresh water, which is ascribed to the lack of environmental awareness. ? 　　Based on all mentioned factors leading to the water scarcity, a couple of effective solutions can be implemented. First of all, advanced technology is needed to purify sea water at a relative low cost and sell it with a reasonable price. Then, the imbalanced allocation of fresh water called for the intense cooperation among areas, including some transfer projects. As far as the human behaviors, we have to come up with some strict rules and punishments to regulate our activities. For factories, if they release too much wastes into the waters, they will face a huge ticket and be required to innovate their current technology to improve the efficiency of using water. For citizens, they will be charged more when the amount of water they consume exceeds certain level. ? 　　至此，我們中間兩段的論述已經(jīng)結(jié)束，相信考生已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)在提出相應(yīng)的解決方案時，不要忘記和相對應(yīng)的原因聯(lián)系起來。只有這樣，才可以讓整篇文章渾然一體，也更具有說服力。 ? 　　解題思路二： ? 　　現(xiàn)在，我們再來看一道真題：Many children prefer to watch TV rather than to do creative things. What are the causes of this phenomenon and how can we solve this problem? 　　和上面提到的真題不同，這道題目中直接提到了人，所以這道題應(yīng)該從人和事物這兩個方面來討論原因。 ? 　　從孩子的角度講，他們沒有意識到參與創(chuàng)造性活動的重要性，而更為深層次的原因是學(xué)校和家長在對孩子進(jìn)行相關(guān)教育方面的不足。從電視的角度分析，現(xiàn)在的電視節(jié)目，尤其是針對兒童的動畫片等，制作精美，情節(jié)引人入勝，成功地吸引了孩子們的目光。從參與創(chuàng)造性活動的角度講，如果對孩子提出較高的要求，又缺乏合理的指導(dǎo)，孩子可能無法順利完成活動任務(wù)，從而導(dǎo)致他們逃避參與創(chuàng)造性的活動。 ? 　　以上的問題，我們可以逐個解決，如：家長和學(xué)校要加強(qiáng)對孩子的指導(dǎo)教育，使他們意識到創(chuàng)造性活動對他們今后發(fā)展的重要性；相關(guān)電視節(jié)目要更加注重于引導(dǎo)孩子們發(fā)揮他們的創(chuàng)造力和想象力；除此之外，可以增加創(chuàng)造性活動的趣味性，同時要和孩子的年齡與能力相匹配。這樣一來，這篇文章的思路和內(nèi)容都比較豐滿了?，F(xiàn)在我們將以上思路落實到英文表達(dá)上： ? 　　范文分析： 　　Generally speaking, children are hardly ascribed to the failure to participate in the creative activities. It is lack of relative education and instruction that makes children ignore the importance of doing creative things. Parents pay too much attention to their job and household. At the same time, school spends most time focusing on the academic subjects. What’s more, advanced technology and deliberate design succeed attracting children’s attention, especially those programs targeting at young children. In addition, some creative activities have high requirements for children, which are beyond the reach of those young kids. 　　Considering all those mentioned elements, some effective solutions could be adopted. First of all, both parents’ and schools’ attention should be diverted to creative programs to let children realize the significance of joining in those programs. Besides, some revolutionary reforms should occur to current TV program. For example, some creative questions should be added in those cartoon programs and the plot will leave enough imaginative space for children as well. Moreover, those creative programs should adopt to children’s abilities and give certain room to children to improve. ? 　　北京朗閣雅思培訓(xùn)學(xué)校在此提醒考生，一個問題的出現(xiàn)絕不是單一原因造成的，所以在原因論述段要盡可能想得全面，要涉及到與問題相關(guān)的每一個因素，并針對其特點提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。 ?