英文最常用的時態(tài)有五個：一般現(xiàn)在時;現(xiàn)在進行時;一般過去時;一般將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時。下面小編告訴你英語的幾種時態(tài)，大家一起來看看吧! ? 英語的幾種時態(tài)： ? 一、一般現(xiàn)在時： ? 用動詞原型表示，但單數(shù)第三人稱后要加-s，在詞尾加-s時要注意： ? 1. 一般情況：加-s 例：reads，writes，says ? 2. 以s，x，ch，sh收尾的詞加-es 例：teaches，washes，guesses ? 3. 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-es 例：try—tries，carry—carries。 ? 這個時態(tài)的疑問句一般以句首加助動詞do，does構(gòu)成。句中動詞要用原型動詞be提前： ? do you know it? ? are you students? ? does she have a pen? ? 1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作： ? we always care for each other and help each other。 ? they cycle to work every day。 ? 2.現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)： ? he loves sports。 ? do you sing?a little。 ? i major in english。 ? 3. 遍真理： ? light travels faster than sound。 ? two and four makes six。 ? the moon moves round the earth。 ? 有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞常?？捎糜谝话悻F(xiàn)在時：be，love，like，hate，want，hope，need，prefer，wish，know，understand，remember，believe，recognize，guess，suppose，mean，belong，think(以為)，feel，envy，doubt，remain，consist，contain，seem，look(看起來)，see，fit，suit，owe，own，hear，find，suggest，propose，allow，show(說明)，prove，mind(在意)，have(有)，sound(聽起來)，taste(嘗起來)，matter，require，possess，desire等等。 ? i feel a sharp pain in my chest。 ? the soup contains too much salt。 ? you see what i mean? ? the coat fits you very well。 ? how do you find the book? ? 有些表示動作的動詞間或可用于這一時態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)刻的動作，由于動作持續(xù)時間機短，用于進行時不自然： ? i send you my best wishes。 ? i salute your courage。 ? now i extend my heartfelt thanks to you。 ? 在口語中這個時態(tài)用來表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排發(fā)生的情況(這是都有一個表示未來時間的狀語)： ? when do the train leave(stop at jinan)? ? the plane take off at 11 am。 ? tomorrow is saturday。 ? is there a firm on tonight? ? 但這只限少數(shù)動詞，如begin，come，go，leave，sail，start，arrive，return，dine，end，stop，depart，open，close，be等。另外，在時間或條件從句中，將來動作或狀態(tài)多用這一時態(tài)表示： ? tell her about that when she come。 ? turn off the light before you leave。 ? we‘ll start as soon as you are ready。 ? 在口語中，這個時態(tài)間或可以用來表示一個已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作(這個動作發(fā)生的時間在說話人腦中處于很不重要的地位)： ? they say xiao wu is back。is that true? ? xiao yu tells me you‘re going abroad。 ? oh，i forget where he lives。 ? yes，you answer quite well。 ? 此外一般現(xiàn)在時還多用于報刊、電影、電視解說等其他幾種情況。 ?

? 二、 現(xiàn)在進行時 ? 現(xiàn)在進行時用助動詞be的人稱形式加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，它的肯定、否定、疑問形式如下： ? i am working。 ? i am not working。 ? am i working? ? 現(xiàn)在進行時主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進行的動作。 ? where are they having the basket-ball match? ? they are putting up the scaffolding。 ? he‘s showing a foreign guest round the city。 ? 在不少情況下，表示正在進行的動作的漢語句子，并沒有“正在”這樣的字，在譯為英語時卻必須用進行時態(tài)： ? how are you getting on with the work? ? the work is going fairly smoothly。 ? you are making rapid progress。 ? it is blowing hard。 ? who are you waiting for? ? whenever i see her，she is working in the garden。我每次看到她時，她總是在花園里干活。 ? 在一般現(xiàn)在時所列的表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞，一般不能用于進行時態(tài)，因為他們不能表示正在進行的動作。但如果詞義轉(zhuǎn)變，能表示一個正在進行的動作，就能夠用于進行時態(tài)，試比較下面的句子： ? do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人嗎? ? are you seeing someone off?你在給誰送行嗎? ? i hear someone singing。我聽見有人唱歌。 ? they are hearing an english talk?他們在聽一個英語報告。 ? what do you think of it?你覺得這怎么樣? ? what are you thinking about?你在想什么? ? 另外，表示無法持續(xù)動作的動詞，一般不宜用于進行時態(tài)，但有些可以用于這個時態(tài)表示重復、即將等： ? he is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳著。 ? the train is arriving?；疖嚲鸵M站了。 ? the old man is dying。老頭病危了。 ? 現(xiàn)在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安安排要進行的動作(這是多有一個表示未來時間的狀語)： ? we are leaving on friday。 ? are you going anywhere tomorrow? ? a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。 ? xiao hong!coming。 ? who is interpreting for you? ? we are having a holiday next monday。 ? 但這僅限于少量動詞，如go，come，leave，start，arrive，lunch，return，dine，work，sleep，stay，play，do，have，wear等。 ? 另外，“be going+不定式”這個結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常用來表示即將發(fā)生的事或打算(準備)做的事： ? i am afraid it is going to rain。 ? it is going to be rather cold tomorrow。 ? she is not going to speak at the meeting。 ? 在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中過去有許多人不贊成用go和come這兩個動詞，感到很別扭，主張不說are you going to go anywhere tomorrow?而說are you going anywhere tomorrow?不說is she going to come?而說is she coming?但現(xiàn)在在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中用兩個動詞的人越來越多，這種用法基本上被大家接受了。 ? 此外，在時間和條件狀語從句中，間或也可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來的情況或一般情況： ? do not mention this when you are talking with him。 ? remember that when you are taking a rest，some else is always working。 ? if she is still sleeping，do not wake her up。 ? 現(xiàn)在進行時有時用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一個經(jīng)常性動作或狀態(tài)，這是或是為了表示一種感情(a)如贊嘆、厭煩等，或是為了強調(diào)情況的暫時性(b)。 ? a. how are you feeling today?(比how do you feel today?更顯親切) ? xiao hua is doing fine work at school。(比xiao hua does fine work at school。更富贊美) ? he is always thinking of his work。表贊許 ? he is constantly leaving his thing about。她老是亂扔東西。(表不滿) ? he is always boasting。他老愛說大話。(表厭煩) ? b.he is sleeping in the next room now。他現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在是在隔壁房間睡了(不再原來房間睡了)。 ? the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill。 ? where is he working?他現(xiàn)在在那里工作?(可能剛換工作) ? for this week we are starting work at 7：30。 ? he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired。 ? be間或可用于進行時態(tài)，表示一時的表現(xiàn)： ? you are not being modest。 ? he is being silly。 ? she is being friendly。 ? xiao hong is being a good girl today。 ? do not talk rot。i am being serious。 ? 注：在there和here引起的句子中，?？捎靡话悻F(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在進行時： ? here comes the bus。(=the bus is coming.) ? there goes the bell. (=the bell is ringing.) ? 在某些情況下兩種情況都可以用，沒有多少差別： ? i wonder (am wondering) how i should answer then. ? does your leg hurt? (is your leg hurting?) ? it itches (is itching) terribly. ? my back aches (is aching). ? i write (am writing ) to inform you. ? 三、 一般將來時 ? 一般將來時由助動詞shall或will加動詞原型構(gòu)成，shall用于*人稱，will用于第二、三人稱。這個時態(tài)的肯定、否定及疑問機構(gòu)可表示如下： ? i shall go. ? i shall not go. ? shall i go? ? 除英國以外的說英語的*，在陳述句中，即使在*人稱一般也用will,在英國也有這種趨勢，在口語中常緊縮為i’ll. ? 一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作和情況： ? i will (shall) arrive tomorrow. ? will you be busy tonight? ? the agreement will come into force next spring. ? we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight. ? 有時表示將來的時間狀語，有時沒有時間狀語，這時要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況： ? i will think it over. ? who will take the chair? ? will she come? ? they won’t object it. ? 在以i 或 we 作主語的問句中，一般用shall，這時或是征求對方的意見(a),或是詢問一個情況(b): ? a. shall i make a fair copy of it? ? which book shall i read first? ? where shall we meet? ? b. shall we have any classes tomorrow? ? when shall we have the rehearsal? ? shall i be able to find them there? ? 在這類問句中，近年來也有不少人用will，特別是美國。 ? what will we do? ? how will get there? ? which will i take? ? 注意在時間或條件狀語從句中，一般不能用將來時態(tài)，而用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)代替： ? i’ll let you have the book when i’m through. ? they’ll fight till they win complete victory. ? i’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow. ? 注：在兩種情況下條件從句可以用一般將來時： ? 1. 表示愿望： ? if they won’t cooperate, our plan will fall flat. ? 2.主句的謂語表時現(xiàn)在的情況： ? if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。 ? 表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況，除了一般將來時外，還有一些其他結(jié)構(gòu)和時態(tài)： ? 1. be going +不定式(表打算、準備作的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事)： ? we ‘re going to put up a building here. ? how are you going to spend your holiday? ? who is going to speak first? ? 2. be +不定式(表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事或用來征求對方的意見)： ? when is the factory to go into production? ? the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week. ? am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work? ? 3.一般現(xiàn)在時(限于某些動詞，表示按計劃或時刻要發(fā)生的事)： ? school finishes on january 18th. ? we get off at the next stop. ? when does the winter vacation begin? ? 4.現(xiàn)在進行時(限于某些動詞，表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事)： ? we are having an english evening tonight. ? they are playing some folk music next. ? i am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ). ? 在單純表示將來情況，特別是談一連串的事情或在帶時間或條件狀語從句的句子中，謂語多用將來時： ? next term i will try to do better. i’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud. ? he’ll come to see you when he has time. ? he’ll tell you if you ask him. ? 在表示打算或準備時，如不提時間、條件等，多用be going to這個結(jié)構(gòu)，用一般將來時時很少的，特別是在口語中： ? he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少說he will buy a dictionary.) ? 在談即將發(fā)生的情況時，用be going to 這個結(jié)構(gòu)也多一些。在表示按計劃安排要做得事時，用be to 的時候也不少。另外還有將來進行時等時態(tài)也可表示將來的動作。 ? 注：be about to 可表示即將作某事 ? we are about to leave. ? he is about to retire. ? 一般將來時有時還可用來表示一種傾向或習慣性動作： ? a drowning man will catch at a straw. ? crops will die without water. ? oil will float on water. ? 注：這一時態(tài)有時用來表示揣測(a)或容量(b): ? a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister. ? b. the hall will seat 500people. ? 四、 一般過去時 ? 一般過去時由動詞的過去式表示，動詞be有was, were兩個過去式，was用于*、三人稱單數(shù)，were用于其他情況。在構(gòu)成否定及疑問句時，一般都借助助動詞did, 動詞be有其獨特的疑問及否定形式(基本上和一般現(xiàn)在時一致)。這個時態(tài)的三種結(jié)構(gòu)可表示如下： ? 一般動詞： ? i worked there. ? i did not work there. ? did you work there? ? 動詞be: ? i was there. ? i was not there. ? was i there? ? 一般過去時主要表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況(包括習慣性動作) ? who put forward the suggestion? ? when did she leave? ? she often came to help us. ? 有些情況，發(fā)生的時間不很清楚，但實際上是過去發(fā)生的，應當用過去時態(tài)： ? i was glad to get your letter. ? what was the final score? ? how did you like their performance? ? *在談到已死去人的情況多用過去時： ? lao she was a great writer. ? my grandmother was kind to us. ? 有時兩種時態(tài)都可以用： ? brahms was/is one of the greatest representative of german classicalism. ? 注：在口語中一般過去時有時可用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時，使語氣變得婉轉(zhuǎn)一些，例如在下面句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時都可以，但用過去時顯得客氣一些(帶有更多商量的口吻)： ? do/did you want to see me? ? i wonder/wondered if you could spare a few minutes. ? i want/wanted to ask if i can/could borrow your bike. ? 五、 現(xiàn)在完成時 ? 現(xiàn)在完成時由have的人稱形式加過去分詞構(gòu)成。他的肯定、否定及疑問形式如下： ? i have read it. ? i have not read it. ? have you read it? ? 現(xiàn)在完成時表示現(xiàn)刻以前發(fā)生的動作或情況，可以是： ? 1.到現(xiàn)在為止的這一時期中發(fā)生的情況(可能時多次動作的總和，也可表示狀態(tài)和習慣性動作)： ? we have opened up 200 mu of land this year. ? how many pages have you covered today? ? i haven’t seen him for many days. ? 2. 對現(xiàn)狀有影響的某一已發(fā)生的動作： ? the delegation has already left. ? i have seen the film many times. ? the city has taken on a new look. ? 注：這個時態(tài)有時還可以表示過去曾發(fā)生過一次或多次的情況，也可以說是一種經(jīng)歷： ? all our children have had measles. ? man’s hairs have grown white in a single might. ? he says that he has seen a meteor at some time. ? 這個時態(tài)的基本特點是它和現(xiàn)在有密切的聯(lián)系，或是講迄今為止這一段時間的情況，或是講一個影響現(xiàn)狀的動作，這樣它不是從時間上就是從后果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來。根據(jù)這個特點我們可以判斷什么時候用一般過去時，什么時候用現(xiàn)在完成時： ? 1.當有一個表示過去某時的狀語(包括when)時，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時： ? i saw her a minute ago. ? just now xiao lin came to see you. ? when did you get to know it? ? 2.當有一個表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時間的狀語時，多用現(xiàn)在完成時： ? up till now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees. ? we haven’t had any physical training classes this week. ? he has learned a good deal since he came here. ? 3.在用already, yet, just, as yet, ever, never這類副詞作狀語時，?？捎矛F(xiàn)在完成時： ? this is the second game. they ’ve already won a game. ? have you got the plan ready yet? –no, not yet. ? i’ve just received a money order. ? 4.在單獨談一個過去的動作，不涉及它對現(xiàn)在的影響時，通常用一般過去時，如果談一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，不考慮它是什么時候發(fā)生的，而主要考慮對現(xiàn)在的影響，多用現(xiàn)在完成時： ? did you get up very early? ? has he got up? ? what did you have for lunch? ? have you had lunch? ? i got the news from xiao yu. ? i’ve got no news from him. ? 注： 有since引起的狀語時，主要謂語通常用完成時態(tài)： ? we met in 1972,and have been good friends ever since (then). ? it has rained a great deal since you left. ? we haven’t seen each other again since them (since we parted in 1952). 但在表示時間長度時可用一般現(xiàn)在時。 ? l 在使用一個表示狀態(tài)的動詞(如be, seem等)作謂語時，間或也可用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)： ? it’s ok since i fixed it. ? it seems a long time since i was here. ? i’m getting interested in china since you came here. 間或用過去時，特別時在口語中。 ? i lost ten pounds since i started swimming. ? 在since引起的狀語從句中，通常用一般過去時。但間或可用現(xiàn)在完成時： ? i haven’t seen him since i have been back. ? since i have known her, she has been fond of sports. ? 有時同樣一句漢語，由于使用場合不用，譯成英語時可能需要不同時態(tài)： ? has xiao yang come? ? did xiao yang come? ? how many people have gone to the factory? ? how many people went to the factory? ? we haven’t invited him. ? we didn’t invite him. ? 有時同樣一個動作，也隨著說話的意圖不同而用不同時態(tài)表示： ? has he gone to town? how did he go there? 后一句談動作本身，與現(xiàn)在無聯(lián)系。 ? have you had your lunch? where did you have it?你吃中午飯了嗎?在那吃的? ? has she left? why did she leave so early? ? 某些動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時刻表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)： ? how have you been (recently)? ? the conference has lasted five days. ? we’ve known each other since we were children. ? 特別是動詞be，是常常這樣用的： ? he’s been back for three days. (不能用has come back) ? she has been a teacher for ten years. (不能說has become) ? he has been in college for a year. (不能說has entered) ? 由于come, become, enter和get up 等動詞都只代表一個短暫的動作，不能代表一個延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，這是需要用be來表示延續(xù)的狀態(tài)： ? 另外有少數(shù)動詞(主要是work, study, teach, live等)可用于現(xiàn)在完成時表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個動作： ? how long have you worked here? ? she has taught english for many years. ? we’ve lived here for quite a few years. ? 但大多數(shù)動詞不宜這樣用，而需用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 ? 注：have been (to)長可用來表示“到過某地”或“剛?cè)プ鲞^某事” ? have you ever been to xi’an? ? xiao liu has just been here. ? we’ve been here(there)many times. ? l 現(xiàn)在完成時還可用在表示時間或條件的狀語從句中，表示將來某時業(yè)已完成的動作： ? i’ll go and see the exhibition as soon as i have got the recorder fixed. ? we’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped raining by then ? i will gibe my opinion when i have read the book through. ? 這利用“現(xiàn)在完成時”時表示這動作將在另一動作之前完成。如果兩個動詞同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生，(也就是說一個動作緊接著另一個動作)，一般就不用這個時態(tài)： ? i’ll let you know as soon as i hear from her. ? she’ll write you when she gets there. ? 在這樣的情況下(特別是當我們用的是get, arrive, see, hear, leave, return 等代表迅即完成的動作的動詞時)，多用一般現(xiàn)在時。有時兩種時態(tài)都可以用： ? we’ll leave as soon as it stops(has stopped) raining. ? i’ll tell him after you leave (have left). ? 注：have got 形式上時現(xiàn)在完成時，卻和have時同一個意思： ? she has got (=has) a slight temperature. ? have you got (=do you have) any sisters? ? 另外，現(xiàn)在有一種傾向，特別是在美國，在隨便談話時，常用一般過去時代替現(xiàn)在完成時： ? i saw it already (=i have seen it already). ? did you return the records yet (=have you returned the records yet)? ? i just come back (=i’ve just come back). ? 過去將來時： ? (1) was (were) going to+動詞原形。 ? ①表示過去某時準備做某事。如： ? Marsha said she was going to have a try. 瑪莎說她準備試試。 ? He was going to leave when I came in. 我進來時他正要離開。 ? ②was going to有時可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法或打算。如： ? I was going to see you last night, but I was too busy. 我昨晚本想去看你的，但太忙了。 ? (2) was (were)+不定式。 ? ①表示定于過去某時將要做某事。如： ? He told me that we were to leave at 2:30pm.他告訴我我們下午兩點半動身。 ? He was to meet her at 10 outside the cinema. 他約定和她10點鐘在電影院外見面。 ? ②若表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)或被取消的計劃，則用was (were) to+動詞完成式。如： ? We were to have left at 6 last night. 我們本來計劃昨晚6點離開的。 ? ? (3)was / were about+不定式在過去正要做某事。如： ? I was just about to start when it began to rain. 我正要動身，這是天下起了雨。 ? The manager was about to leave when his secretary called him back. 經(jīng)理快要離開時,他的秘書叫住了他。 ? (4) 用一般過去時表過去將來時。如： ? Our teacher told us that school began on September 1. 老師告訴我們九月一號開學。 ? (5) 用過去進行時表將來時。如： ? I didn’t know when you they were coming again. ? (6) was (were) due to表示定于過去某時將要做某事。如： ? They were due to leave at ten o’clock. 他們定于十點出發(fā)。 ? 過去進行時： ? (1) 過去進行時通常表示一個過去正在進行的動作;而一般過去時則通常表示一個過去已經(jīng)完成的動作。如： ? I was reading the newspaper last night. 我昨晚在看書。(不一定看完) ? I read the newspaper last night. 我昨晚看了報紙。(已經(jīng)看完) ? He was building a model ship out of wood. 他在那里修一座橋。(不一定建成) ? He built a model ship out of wood. 他用木頭造了個模型船。(已建成) ? (2) 少數(shù)動詞如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, work等的一般過去時并不表示動作完成，這時用兩種時態(tài)都可以，且含義區(qū)別不大。如： ? It snowed / was snowing all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雪。 ? She didn’t feel / wasn’t feeling well that day. 那天她感到不太舒服。 ? The child coughed / was coughing all night. 這孩子咳嗽了一整夜。 ? 將來進行時： ? (1) 將來進行時表示將來某時正在進行的動作; 而一般將來時表示將來某時將要發(fā)生的動作。如： ? What will you be doing at seven the day after tomorrow? 后天晚上七點會在做什么呢 ? What will you do at seven the day after tomorrow? 后天晚上七點你干什么? ? (2) 將來進行表示已有的安排;而一般將來時表示臨時決定。如： ? I’ll go to see him after school. 放學后我去看她。 ? I’ll be going to see him after school. 放學后我準備去看她的。 ? (3) 兩者均可表示將來，但用將來進行時語氣更委婉，比較： ? When will you finish your homework 你什么什候完成作業(yè)? ? When will you be finishing your homework 你什么什候完成作業(yè)呢? ? (4) 有時將來進行時則只是單純地談未來情況;而一般將來中的will含有“愿意”的意思。比較： ? Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不會由瑪麗來付錢。(單純談未來情況) ? Mary won’t pay this bill. 瑪麗不肯付這筆錢。(表意愿)