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動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成虛擬式
用"動(dòng)詞原形"表示的虛擬句,就是無(wú)論主語(yǔ)怎么變,動(dòng)詞一律保持原形不變,及"以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變"。主要有以下幾種情況:
一、用于表示命令、決定、建議等詞語(yǔ)之后that-分句中
1. 動(dòng)詞:用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose,
recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等動(dòng)詞后的從句中。
The teacher ordered that all the books be sent to the office.
老師命令到所有書(shū)本要送到辦公室。
She insisted that she go to the south in the summer 【天津考研沖刺輔導(dǎo)班哪個(gè)好】vacation. 她堅(jiān)持暑假去南方。
We propose that Li Hua take the chair. 我們建議李華當(dāng)主席。
2. 形容詞:用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative,
important, important, possible, necessary等形容詞后的從句中:
It is essential that we be 【天津考研一對(duì)一輔導(dǎo)有用嗎】 healthy. 我們的健康很重要。
It is advisable that these regulations be abolished. 取消這些規(guī)則的說(shuō)法是可行的。
It is necessary that we study English well. 我們將英語(yǔ)學(xué)好很必要。
3. 名詞:用在decision,decree, demand, instruction, order,
requirement等名詞后的從句中:
Our teacher gives us an instruction that all the homework be done like
that. 老師告訴我們所有作業(yè)都要那樣做。
He gives me advice that I do the homework first. 他建議我先做家庭作業(yè)。
The demand that all students stand there isn’t proper. 讓學(xué)生站那兒的要求是不合理的。
注意:以上的用法均可以與"should+動(dòng)詞原形"和"to do"形式替換運(yùn)用。如:
The teacher ordered that all the books be sent to the office.
=The teacher ordered that all the books should be sent to the office.
=The teacher ordered all the books to be 【天津醫(yī)學(xué)考研培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)排名】 sent to the office.
二、If、only等引導(dǎo)的從句中
If, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引導(dǎo)的分句,表示推測(cè)、讓步、防備等含義。
If the man be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal.
若是被發(fā)現(xiàn)有罪,這個(gè)男的將有申訴權(quán)。
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have our unswerving support.
不管她對(duì)錯(cuò)與否,我們都一如既往地支持她。
注:在非正式語(yǔ)體中,以上句子還可以用should+動(dòng)詞原形。
三、用于某些固定說(shuō)法中:表示祝愿、詛咒、禁止等意義
God bless you! 上帝保佑!
So be it. 就這樣吧!但愿如此。
Suffice it to say that …只需要說(shuō) …就夠了。
Far be it from …遠(yuǎn)不 …
Home is home, be it ever so homely. 家就是家,不管它是多么平凡。
英語(yǔ)中,虛擬語(yǔ)氣作為一種表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)構(gòu),除了用"動(dòng)詞原形"外,還可以用過(guò)去式表示。那么,在哪些情況下,虛擬句需要用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示呢
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去/過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1. It is time that ...
It is time that children got up. 孩子們?cè)撈鸫擦恕?/p>
It is high time you left for Beijing. 你該離開(kāi)去北京了。
2. I would rather...
I would rather you had left yesterday. 我寧愿你昨天就離開(kāi)了。
Frankly, I would rather he was absent. 坦白講,我寧愿他沒(méi)在場(chǎng)。
3. If only...
If only I had enough money. 要是我有足夠的錢(qián)就好了。
If only I had listened to my mother’s advice. 我要是之前聽(tīng)從媽媽的建議就好了。
4. as if/ though...
She ordered me as if she was my boss. 她支使我,好像是我老板似的。
She looked at me as though I was a monster. 她像看只怪物似的看著我。
5. I wish that...
I wish that I were a bird. 我希望自己是一只小鳥(niǎo)。
I wish that I hadn’t said that. 我真希望自己沒(méi)那么說(shuō)過(guò)。
二、用情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)
1. 用于條件句:
If I were you, I would not take part in this activity. 如果我是你,我不會(huì)參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)。
If you should lend me the money, I should be much obliged.
如果你把這錢(qián)借給我,我會(huì)感激不盡的。
2. 用于含蓄條件句:
But for your help, I couldn’t finish the task.沒(méi)有你的幫助,我就完成不了這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
He who should violate the law would be punished. 違反法律的人,都【天津考研沖刺營(yíng)有必要嗎】 要受到懲罰。
3. 其他語(yǔ)境:
I was shocked that she should forget me so quickly. 我很震驚,她竟然這么快就忘記我了。
因此,由上可知,如果該句敘述內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反,或有假設(shè)意義,且出現(xiàn)以上如"it is time
that..."結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),需要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)或情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示。
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