今天我們就審題步驟來(lái)一起分享一下，要想高效快速完成大作文審題，總共分成三步：
Step1：了解題目信息
根據(jù)題干信息擴(kuò)大范圍，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)聯(lián)想，然后再根據(jù)核心話題來(lái)扣住題目回答問(wèn)題。
比如：
The environment problems facing today's world are so great that there is littleordinarypeople can do to improve the situation. Government and large companies should be responsible for reducing the amount of damage being done to the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
根據(jù)上題題干中給出的背景信息，環(huán)境問(wèn)題非常嚴(yán)重，個(gè)別普通人已經(jīng)無(wú)力改善，擴(kuò)大范圍進(jìn)行適當(dāng)聯(lián)想。
Step2：確定文章寫(xiě)法
1. 折中式：
寫(xiě)法特點(diǎn)：適當(dāng)讓步，討論正反兩面。
適合人群：對(duì)于英文基礎(chǔ)一般的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，折中式更加客觀，也容易寫(xiě)夠字?jǐn)?shù)，而且真題寫(xiě)作答案基本是折中式。
對(duì)應(yīng)考題舉例：
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.
People are surrounded by advertising and there is an increasing effect on our lives. Do you think thepositiveeffects outweigh thenegativeeffects?
2. 支持一方：
寫(xiě)法特點(diǎn)：直陳觀點(diǎn)，只說(shuō)正面或反面。
適合人群：對(duì)于英文功底特別好的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，完全支持或者完全反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)可以讓文章更加充實(shí)更加犀利。
對(duì)應(yīng)題目舉例：
Some people think women should be allowed to join the army, the navy and the air force just like men. What is your opinion?
Some people think that police officers carrying guns will increase the violent crime rate. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
大家可以根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)，自行選擇。
1. Argument(辯論類)：
辯論類題目占到所有題目的75%-85%，出題目的是讓考生辯論觀點(diǎn)或權(quán)衡利弊，并且考察學(xué)生是否能夠自圓其說(shuō)提供充分論據(jù)。
典型提問(wèn)方式：Discuss both (these) views and give your own opinion. (To what extent) Do you agree or disagree?
(To what extent) Do you think the advantages/ benefits outweigh the disadvantages/ drawbacks?
What is your opinion/ view?/ What do you think?
作文結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)如何組織：可以寫(xiě)成折中式，也可以寫(xiě)成一邊倒。
在折中式結(jié)構(gòu)中，開(kāi)頭段可以用2-4句話介紹背景信息，討論話題，改寫(xiě)題目，陳述觀點(diǎn)；主體段可以論述你所傾向的那一方，提供一、二、三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，并且給出對(duì)應(yīng)的詳細(xì)解釋；讓步段論述自己不太傾向的那一方，提供一個(gè)或兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，再反駁不合理之處；結(jié)尾段用2-3句話總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)，重申分論點(diǎn)。
在一邊倒結(jié)構(gòu)中，開(kāi)頭段可以用2-4句話介紹背景信息，討論話題，改寫(xiě)題目，陳述觀點(diǎn)；主體段可以論述你所傾向的那一方，提供一、二、三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，并且給出對(duì)應(yīng)的詳細(xì)解釋；無(wú)需讓步段直接用結(jié)尾段總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)，重申分論點(diǎn)。
2. Report(分析解釋類)：
分析解釋類題目占到所有題目的15%-25%，出題目的是讓考生羅列分析。
題目中不給出任何觀點(diǎn)，但會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種現(xiàn)象，要求分析現(xiàn)象的原因，帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，影響因素，解決方案，應(yīng)對(duì)措施，產(chǎn)生的影響等。
典型提問(wèn)方式：What are the causes/ reasons/ factors for this…? What problems…? How can…solve/overcome the problem…? What measures can be taken…?
結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)如何組織：開(kāi)頭段用2-4句話交代介紹背景信息，討論話題，改寫(xiě)題目，根據(jù)題目給出原因/問(wèn)題/因素/解決/措施/影響。然后2-3個(gè)主體段分析現(xiàn)象的上述問(wèn)題，給出對(duì)應(yīng)的詳細(xì)解釋，之后結(jié)尾段1-2句話總結(jié)上文。
3. Mixed (Argument Report)
典型的提問(wèn)方式：Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development?
結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)如何組織：
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make?該提問(wèn)屬于Report考題范疇，詢問(wèn)“現(xiàn)象的影響是什么”；
Has this been a positive or negative development? 該提問(wèn)又是屬于Argument考題范疇，需要討論的是“現(xiàn)象利弊”。
Mixed提問(wèn)方式往往既有議論又要求考生進(jìn)行一定說(shuō)明，所以兼?zhèn)銩rgument和report的雙重特性，從而相對(duì)靈活。
寫(xiě)好這類題目的關(guān)鍵是：掌握好前兩種題型，確定其結(jié)構(gòu)的方法，根據(jù)議論的提問(wèn)來(lái)確定整篇文章的寫(xiě)作邏輯。
如果經(jīng)常審題失誤，建議同學(xué)們多拿一些模擬題或真題練習(xí)總結(jié)，還可以經(jīng)常關(guān)注雅思詞匯的具體使用，以達(dá)到錦上添花的效果。
