許多GMAT考生在接觸邏輯之后會覺得比較邏輯部分抽象，正確率提升較慢。邏輯對考生的分析能力和判斷能力要求比較高，但很大一部分失分的原因是因為沒有理清楚比較模糊的易錯考點。下面就為大家分析一下幾個易錯的點： - 以偏概全 邏輯題干或者選項中很容易出現(xiàn)以偏概全或者過度推論的情況，通常的表現(xiàn)形式是用個別的，特殊的例子來推出一個普遍的結論。比如說，我們看下面這道例題的題干部分： Journalist: In physics journals, the number of articles reporting the results of experiments involving particle accelerators was lower last year than it had been in previous years. Several of the particle accelerators at major research institutions were out of service the year before last for repairs, so it is likely that the low number of articles was due to the decline in availability of particle accelerators. 翻譯提煉題干信息我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這道題目中的邏輯鏈是這樣的： P：許多大機構的粒子加速器去年都送去維修了 C：所以去年關于粒子加速器實驗的論文發(fā)表數(shù)量減少是由于這個原因 我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個前提和結論之間很明顯出現(xiàn)了一個漏洞就是題干把所有可能導致論文發(fā)表數(shù)量減少的原因都歸結于機器的維修，從而否定了其他的可能性。這就是一種過度推論的錯誤。而在考試中，考生或許會因為推論本身是正確可能性的一種而忽略了“過度”。這種類型的易錯點常常會出現(xiàn)在削弱題型種。因此，在邏輯考試中，需要注意不要被此類的迷惑性選項和題干干擾。 - 迷惑性背景信息 另一個比較容易出錯的點是題干或選項中出現(xiàn)的背景信息。這類信息通常是正確的，但往往與邏輯關系中的項無關。比如說下面這道例題： Kate: The recent decline in numbers of the Tennessee warbler, a North American songbird that migrates each fall to coffee plantations in South America, is due to the elimination of the dense tree cover that formerly was a feature of most South American coffee plantations. Scott: The population of the spruce budworm, the warbler's favorite prey in North America, has been dropping. This is a more likely explanation of the warbler's decline. Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls Scott's hypothesis into question? A. The numbers of the Baltimore oriole, a songbird that does not eat budworms but is as dependent on South American coffee plantations as is the Tennessee warbler, are declining. B. The spruce budworm population has dropped because of a disease that can infect budworms but not Tennessee warblers. C. The drop in the population of the spruce budworm is expected to be only temporary. D. Many Tennessee warblers have begun migrating in the fall to places other than traditional coffee plantations. E. Although many North American songbirds have declined in numbers, no other species has experienced as great a decline as has the Tennessee warbler. 我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項D就屬于一個比較易錯的點。因為選項本身敘述是正確的，但仔細思考它更像是咖啡種植園樹的密度減少后的結果。與題干中主體Tennessee warbler，以及食物budworm無關，因此是無法削弱Scott的結論的。因此許多看似正確的信息其實只是迷惑性的背景信息，而不是————終的正確答案。尤其是在一些難度較高的題目中，常常會出現(xiàn)較多較復雜的背景信息，考生需要理清邏輯關系和思路。 - 模糊詞 另一個比較容易弄錯的點是一些模糊詞，并無法體現(xiàn)具體的程度和意義。比如說我們閱讀一下下面這道例題： Teenagers are often priced out of the labor market by the government-mandated minimum-wage level because employers cannot afford to pay that much for extra help. Therefore, if Congress institutes a subminimum wage, a new lower legal wage for teenagers, the teenage unemployment rate, which has been rising since 1960, will no longer increase.
