托福寫作怎么提分？教你用三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法幫助你增強(qiáng)文章連貫性，首先我們來(lái)看下托福獨(dú)立寫作的5分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 相信各位考生對(duì)其中一個(gè)要求 “Display unity, progression and coherence” 比較熟悉，但可能還不是十分清楚如何具體地增強(qiáng)內(nèi)容的連貫。本文主要給大家介紹一些常見的銜接手段，幫助大家實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，銜接手段可以分成三個(gè)層次，詞匯銜接 (lexical cohesion)、語(yǔ)法銜接 (grammatical cohesion)、修辭銜接 (rhetorical cohesion)。 ?。ㄒ唬┰~匯銜接 原詞重復(fù) (direct repetition) 、同義詞 (synonyms)、反義詞 (antonyms) 來(lái)自于相同語(yǔ)義場(chǎng) (semantic field) 和詞匯鏈 (lexical chains) 的單詞 使用one/ ones進(jìn)行詞匯替代 (substitution) ?。ǘ┱Z(yǔ)法銜接 指代 (reference): 代詞、冠詞 使用 so/ do/ does/ did 等進(jìn)行從句元素替代 比較級(jí) 時(shí)態(tài) （三）修辭銜接 提問與回答 平行結(jié)構(gòu) (parallelism) 下面我們結(jié)合托福一個(gè)寫作題目和對(duì)應(yīng)的高分范文 (highlevel responses) 進(jìn)行講解。 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized examples. Source: TOEFL? Test Preparation: The Insider’s Guide 上面這個(gè)題目需要考生思考并比較在本國(guó)旅游和在外國(guó)旅游各自的好處，然后決定是否同意 “人們?cè)诒緡?guó)旅游獲得的益處比在外國(guó)旅游獲得的益處更多” 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。在這里我們給各位提供選取的高分回答，一、篇來(lái)自挪威的Aarcha Z.同學(xué)，第二篇來(lái)自的*超同學(xué)。 Aarcha 同學(xué)對(duì)于題目持有不同意的觀點(diǎn) (Disagree)，她認(rèn)為到國(guó)外旅游好處更多。以下是她的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。 “I think that people benefit more from traveling to foreign countries.” 我們這里節(jié)選她文章其中一個(gè)主體段。 In addition to that, travelling to another country gives you the perfect excuse to learn a new language. For example, I’m planning to go to France next year, and I’ve already started learning basic French with the help of apps on my mobile phone. [Learning a new language] is a wonderful thing, as it not only helps you get around in foreign countries, but also makes you attractive in the job market. If you’re travelling in your own country, you will never truly need to learn a new language, and will therefore miss out on the opportunity that it brings. 分析： 該文段使用的銜接手段主要是： （一）詞匯銜接中的同義詞（ 二）語(yǔ)法銜接中的代詞指代 (reference) 首先 “that” 是一個(gè)代詞，指代文中一個(gè)理由 “to experience new sights, cultures and food”; 另外， “another country” 是題目中 “foreign countries” 的另外一種表達(dá)形式; “it” 用來(lái)表示 “l(fā)earning a new language” 的意思。全段100個(gè)單詞，出現(xiàn)了4處銜接手段的使用，使得段落內(nèi)容清晰緊密。 超同學(xué)對(duì)于題目持有同意的觀點(diǎn) (Agree)，他認(rèn)為在國(guó)內(nèi)旅游好處更多。以下是他的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。
![托福寫作怎么提分呢 托?？荚? ></p>
“I deem I can benefit more from travelling in my own countries.”
我們這里節(jié)選他文章中兩個(gè)主體段來(lái)分析其使用銜接手段的情況。
The most critical reason is time. As a traveler, I would prefer spending more time exploring my destination rather than getting stuck at the security checkpoint, sitting in the airplane, and waiting in a long queue at the custom, which are often associated with international travel. For example, if I have a week of vacation, instead of spending 2 days on the way, I could choose a destination that may only take me [a] couple [of] hours to get there that means I have 1 extra more vacation day.
Secondly, ….
Lastly, international trip can cost travelers significantly more comparing to a domestic one. Admittedly, cost of a trip is often determined personal choice and preference but a lot of fees, such as visa and currency exchange, are often inevitable. In addition, to save money in another unknown country can be a lot more challenging.
分析：
該文段使用的銜接手段主要是：
?。ㄒ唬┰~匯銜接同義詞; 詞匯銜接 one/ ones 替代
?。ǘ┱Z(yǔ)法銜接中的比較級(jí)
（三）修辭銜接中的平行結(jié)構(gòu) (parallelism)
首先這一段中連續(xù)使用了三個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)到國(guó)外旅游可能會(huì)遇到的不方便 “getting stuck at the security checkpoint” , “sitting in the airplane” , “waiting in a long queue at the custom”, 另外， “international travel” 以及第三段中的 “international trip” 是同義詞，“domestic” 是題目中 “in their own country” 同義表達(dá)， “domestic one” 當(dāng)中的 “one” 也是為了避免重復(fù)前面的內(nèi)容而進(jìn)行指代的。
這些銜接手段的使用增加了上下文內(nèi)容的連貫性，也豐富了語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式，使得段落內(nèi)容清晰緊密生動(dòng)。 兩段的內(nèi)容不算多，但單從銜接手段的角度來(lái)講還是值得各位考生學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的。 </p>
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